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Since the establishment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in 1952, its mission has been to ensure that "the law is observed" "in the interpretation and application" of the Treaties.
As part of that mission, the Court of Justice of the European Union:
- reviews the legality of the acts of the institutions of the European Union,
- ensures that the Member States comply with obligations under the Treaties
- interprets European Union law at the request of the national courts and tribunals
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Á Íslandi eru þrjú dómstig; héraðsdómstólar, Landsréttur og Hæstiréttur.
Héraðsdómstólar eru átta talsins og saman mynda þeir lægsta dómstigið. Öll mál koma fyrst til úrlausnar fyrir héraðsdómstólum. Að uppfylltum ákveðnum skilyrðum er hægt að skjóta úrlausnum héraðsdómstólanna til æðra dómstigs, Landsréttar, og í undantekningartilvikum til Hæstaréttar.
Landsréttur er áfrýjunardómstóll og tekur til landsins alls.
Hæstiréttur Íslands fer með æðsta dómsvaldið og er fordæmisgefandi dómstóll. Einungis er hægt að áfrýja málum til Hæstaréttar að uppfylltum ströngum skilyrðum.
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The EFTA Court has jurisdiction with regard to EFTA States which are parties to the EEA Agreement (at present Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway). The Court is mainly competent to deal with infringement actions brought by the EFTA Surveillance Authority against an EFTA State with regard to the implementation, application or interpretation of EEA law rules, for giving advisory opinions to courts in EFTA States on the interpretation of EEA rules and for appeals concerning decisions taken by the EFTA Surveillance Authority. Thus the jurisdiction of the EFTA Court largely corresponds to the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union over EU States. The proceedings before the EFTA Court consist of a written part and an oral part and all proceedings will be in English. In direct actions, the judgment is rendered in English only. Advisory opinions are rendered in English and in the language of the requesting court.
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The European Court of Human Rights is an international court set up in 1959. It rules on individual or State applications alleging violations of the civil and political rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights.
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The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946.
The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (United States of America).
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